Epistemology of Mathematics

Epistemology of mathematics is the study of how we know what we know about mathematical concepts and truths. It explores questions like: Are mathematical entities real, or are they just useful fictions? How do we justify mathematical knowledge—through logic, intuition, or empirical observation? Different philosophical perspectives, such as Platonism (which views math as a discovery of universal truths) or nominalism (which sees math as a human invention), inform this discussion. Ultimately, it seeks to understand the nature and source of our mathematical knowledge and its implications for understanding reality.