Epidemiology of iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency occurs when people do not get enough iodine, a mineral essential for healthy thyroid function and hormone production. It is common in regions where soil and water lack iodine, impacting populations that rely on locally grown food. This deficiency can lead to goiter (enlarged thyroid), developmental issues, and cognitive impairments. Globally, efforts like iodized salt have significantly reduced its prevalence, but it remains a concern in some areas. Monitoring iodine levels through surveys helps identify at-risk populations, guiding public health strategies to ensure adequate intake and prevent related health problems.