epidemiology of caries

Dental caries, or cavities, result from the interaction of bacteria, sugary foods, and poor oral hygiene. When you consume sugars, bacteria in plaque produce acids that erode tooth enamel over time. Factors like frequent sugar intake, inadequate brushing, and limited fluoride exposure increase the risk. Caries are more common in children, teenagers, and adults with less access to dental care. They develop gradually but can cause pain and tooth loss if untreated. Preventive measures include regular brushing, flossing, moderating sugar consumption, and dental check-ups, which help reduce the prevalence and impact of cavities across populations.