epidemiological triangle

The epidemiological triangle is a model used to understand how diseases spread and affect populations. It consists of three components: the agent (the microorganism or pathogen causing the disease), the host (the person or organism affected), and the environment (surroundings and conditions that influence disease transmission). Together, these elements interact, and changes in any one can influence the risk and spread of illness. For example, increasing sanitation (environment), improving immunity (host), or reducing the presence of the pathogen (agent) can help control or prevent disease outbreaks.