Enzyme-substrate interactions

Enzyme-substrate interactions occur when an enzyme, a types of protein that accelerates chemical reactions, binds to a specific molecule called a substrate. The enzyme has a specialized area, the active site, that fits the substrate like a key fitting into a lock. When the substrate binds to the active site, the enzyme helps convert it into products more efficiently. This process is highly specific, meaning each enzyme typically works with one or a few similar substrates, enabling precise control over biological reactions such as digestion or energy production.