Enzyme co-factors

Enzyme co-factors are small molecules or ions that assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are like biological catalysts, but they often need these helpers to work effectively. Co-factors can be inorganic ions, such as metal ions like zinc or magnesium, or organic molecules called coenzymes, such as vitamins. They bind to the enzyme and help it change shape or participate directly in the reaction, making the process more efficient. Without co-factors, many enzymes cannot function properly, which can affect vital biological processes.