Entropy and Information

Entropy is a measure of uncertainty or randomness within a system; higher entropy means more unpredictability. In information theory, it quantifies the amount of surprise or new information produced by a message. When a message is predictable, its entropy is low; when it's unpredictable, entropy is high. For example, a fair coin flip has high entropy because the outcome is uncertain, while a biased coin favoring heads has lower entropy. Ultimately, entropy helps us understand how much information is needed to describe or predict a system or message accurately.