Engels' "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific"

Engels' "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific" distinguishes between two approaches to creating a better society. Utopian socialism imagines ideal communities based on moral ideals but lacks a basis in real social dynamics. Scientific socialism, rooted in Marx's analysis, studies how capitalism functions—highlighting class struggles and economic forces—and advocates for systemic change driven by these realities. Engels argues that true socialism must be grounded in understanding material conditions, leading to a revolutionary transformation of society toward equality and public ownership, rather than relying solely on idealistic visions.