Engelmann's theory

Engelmann's theory emphasizes that learning is driven by the learner's existing knowledge and cognitive structure. It suggests that new information is most effectively learned when it connects to what the learner already knows, helping to expand understanding incrementally. In practice, this means teaching should build on prior knowledge, guiding learners through concepts that are just slightly beyond their current understanding—often called the "zone of proximal development"—to promote effective learning and skill mastery.