endothelial injury

Endothelial injury refers to damage to the thin layer of cells lining blood vessels called the endothelium. This damage can occur due to factors like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, infections, or toxins. When injured, the endothelium becomes less effective at controlling blood flow, preventing clot formation, and keeping harmful substances out of the blood. This disruption can lead to inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis—buildup of fats and plaque in arteries—which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Protecting the endothelium is essential for maintaining healthy blood vessels and overall cardiovascular health.