End-of-file handling

End-of-file (EOF) handling is how programs recognize they've reached the end of a data source, like a file or input stream. When reading data, the system needs to know when no more information is available to prevent errors or endless loops. EOF acts as a marker signaling the completion of input. Proper EOF handling ensures that programs can gracefully stop reading, close files safely, and avoid crashing or unexpected behavior, enabling smooth data processing and resource management.