Encoding failure

Encoding failure refers to the inability to convert information into a form that can be stored in long-term memory. It often occurs when the initial information processing is incomplete, distracted, or lacks meaningful context, making it difficult for the brain to establish lasting links. Essentially, if the brain doesn't effectively encode information—meaning it doesn't organize or connect it properly—it may be lost over time because it was never stored securely. This is a common reason why people forget details they once knew.