Empress Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian (624–705 AD) was the only woman to declare herself emperor in Chinese history, ruling during the Tang Dynasty. Originally a concubine, she rose to power through intelligence and political skill, eventually controlling the government as empress consort, empress dowager, and ultimately as emperor from 690 to 705. Her reign was marked by efforts to strengthen the government, promote Buddhism, and implement reforms, though she also faced criticism for her ruthless tactics. Wu Zetian's leadership challenged gender roles and left a lasting influence on Chinese history, emphasizing her political acumen and complex legacy.