ElGamal

ElGamal is a method for secure digital communication, enabling two parties to share a secret message without eavesdroppers understanding it. It relies on complex mathematical properties of large numbers and prime numbers, making it easy for the sender to encrypt a message but extremely difficult for others to decrypt without a special private key. Think of it as locking a message with a unique lock (public key) that anyone can use to secure the message, but only the key owner can unlock it using a secret key. This system underpins many secure online communications and digital signatures.