Electron transition

An electron transition occurs when an electron moves between different energy levels within an atom. Electrons can occupy specific orbitals, each with a certain energy. When an electron absorbs energy—such as from light—it can jump to a higher energy level; this is called excitation. Conversely, when it releases energy—often as light—it falls back to a lower level; this is called relaxation. These transitions produce or absorb specific wavelengths of light, which we observe as spectral lines, helping scientists understand the composition and properties of materials.