electrokinetic phenomena

Electrokinetic phenomena involve the movement of tiny charged particles or fluids when an electric field is applied. This occurs in systems like soils, colloids, or medical devices, where the electric forces cause particles to move or fluids to flow. For example, in soil, electric fields can help remove contaminants by driving charged pollutants toward collection points. These effects are important in processes like water purification, medical treatments, and material manufacturing, enabling controlled manipulation of particles and fluids through electrical energy without physical contact.