electrochemical potential

Electrochemical potential is the combined force that drives charged particles, like electrons or ions, to move within a medium or across a boundary. It considers both the electrical energy (due to voltage differences) and chemical energy (due to concentration differences). Think of it as the overall "push" that determines how and where these particles will move, balancing electrical and chemical factors. This concept explains many natural processes, such as nerve signal transmission and energy production in batteries, by describing the tendency of charged particles to move toward states of lower energy or higher stability.