El Facundo (Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism)

"Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism" is a book by Argentine writer Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, analyzing the life of Juan Manuel de Rosas, a powerful 19th-century leader. The book contrasts two forces: "civilization"—progress, education, and order—and "barbarism"—chaos, violence, and dictatorship. Sarmiento uses Rosas as an example of barbarism, emphasizing the need for education and modern ideas to develop Argentina. The work explores how social and political factors influence national identity, advocating for educational reform as a way to promote progress and stability in the country.