Einstein’s theory of sol-gel transition

Einstein’s theory of sol-gel transition describes how certain materials change from a fluid-like state (sol) to a solid-like network (gel). In the sol phase, particles are dispersed and move freely; in the gel phase, they link together to form a continuous, three-dimensional structure. This transition occurs when conditions such as concentration, temperature, or chemistry reach a critical point, causing particles to connect and entangle. The theory helps explain how materials like polymers or colloids transform from liquids into gels, highlighting the interplay between microscopic interactions and macroscopic properties of the material.