Eigenvector

An eigenvector is a special type of vector associated with a square matrix (a mathematical representation of data or transformations). When a matrix acts on an eigenvector, the result is the same direction as the original vector, only scaled by a specific value called the eigenvalue. Think of it like a direction that remains unchanged when transformed, except stretched or compressed. Eigenvectors help us understand the intrinsic properties of systems—such as stability or dominant patterns—making them essential in fields like physics, engineering, and data analysis.