eigenvalues of the volume operator

Eigenvalues of the volume operator represent the discrete possible measurements of space’s volume at the quantum level, according to quantum gravity theories like loop quantum gravity. Instead of continuous values, these eigenvalues imply that space’s volume comes in specific, quantized chunks. When measuring the volume of a region, the result will always be one of these eigenvalues. This concept shows that at extremely small scales, space is not smooth but has a fundamental graininess, with eigenvalues providing the possible “sizes” of these tiny volumetric units.