edge states

Edge states are special electronic properties that occur at the boundaries of certain materials, such as topological insulators. While the interior of these materials acts like an insulator (preventing electric current), the edges host conducting states where electrons can move freely. These edge states are robust against impurities and defects, meaning they remain stable even if the material’s surface is rough or altered. This unique behavior arises from the material’s underlying quantum properties and makes edge states promising for advanced electronic applications, like low-power devices and quantum computing.