Ecosystem Concept

An ecosystem is a community of living things—plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms—interacting with each other and their non-living environment, such as soil, water, and air. These interactions create a dynamic system where energy and nutrients are exchanged, supporting the survival of all components. For example, in a forest, trees provide habitat and food for animals, while animals help disperse seeds and nutrients. Ecosystems vary in size and type, from a pond to the entire planet, and maintaining their balance is crucial for the health of the environment and the life they support.