Ecological Systems Theory (Urie Bronfenbrenner)

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory explains how a child's development is influenced by different layers of their environment. These layers include the immediate family and friends (microsystem), the connections between these groups (mesosystem), the wider community and schools (exosystem), broader societal and cultural values (macrosystem), and the passage of time and historical events (chronosystem). Each layer interacts and shapes the child's growth, emphasizing that development is a complex process driven by multiple interconnected environmental factors rather than just individual traits.