ecological specialization

Ecological specialization refers to how certain species adapt to thrive in specific environmental conditions or habitats, often relying on particular food sources, environments, or interactions. This adaptation allows them to efficiently exploit their niche but can make them more vulnerable to changes in their environment. For example, a bird species may specialize in eating only one type of seed found in a specific habitat, limiting competition but increasing risk if that seed becomes scarce. Specialization helps species coexist without direct competition, shaping their role in the ecosystem and influencing their survival strategies.