Ecological Determinism

Ecological determinism is the idea that a region’s environment—such as its climate, landforms, and resources—primarily shapes the culture, economy, and development of the people living there. It suggests that natural surroundings influence humans’ behaviors, lifestyles, and societal growth. For example, a region with fertile soil might develop agriculture-focused communities, while a mountainous area might foster different ways of life. While environment plays a significant role, this concept has been critiqued for underestimating human agency, innovation, and cultural factors.