Earth’s lithosphere

The Earth's lithosphere is the outermost layer of the planet, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is solid and relatively rigid, forming Earth's continents and ocean floors. The lithosphere is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates, which move slowly over the more flexible, semi-fluid layer beneath called the asthenosphere. This movement causes geological activity like earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains. The lithosphere plays a crucial role in shaping Earth's surface and supporting life by providing a stable platform for ecosystems and human activities.