earth pressure

Earth pressure refers to the force exerted by soil on structures like walls or foundations. When soil is retained or held back, it pushes against these structures due to its weight and natural tendency to move downward and outward. There are two main types: active pressure, when the soil pushes with minimal restraint, and passive pressure, which occurs when the soil is compressed and pushes back more forcefully. Understanding earth pressure is essential for designing safe retaining walls and foundations, ensuring they can withstand the forces exerted by the soil and remain stable over time.