Early programming

Early programming refers to the initial methods and languages used to instruct computers in the mid-20th century. It involved writing code in primitive machine languages or symbolic languages like assembly, which directly controlled hardware operations. Programmers used punching cards and switches, translating complex tasks into sequences of zeros and ones, making programming labor-intensive and less user-friendly. These early efforts laid the foundation for higher-level languages and modern programming, transforming how humans interact with machines by enabling more efficient, readable, and portable code.