Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages, roughly spanning from the 5th to the 10th century, was a period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Europe experienced political fragmentation, with local kingdoms developing and centralized authority waning. It was characterized by rural societies, limited literacy, and frequent invasions from groups like Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims. Despite challenges, this era saw the foundation of many cultural, religious, and social structures, including the spread of Christianity and the establishment of monastic communities. It laid the groundwork for the later medieval period, shaping Europe's development for centuries.