E. coli DNA ligase

E. coli DNA ligase is an enzyme that seals breaks in the DNA's sugar-phosphate backbone by joining together individual DNA fragments. This process is essential during DNA replication and repair, ensuring the genetic information remains intact and continuous. The enzyme works by creating a covalent bond between adjacent DNA nucleotides, using energy from ATP or NAD+ molecules. In laboratory settings, bacterial DNA ligase is widely used in genetic engineering to connect DNA pieces, enabling scientists to manipulate genes and create recombinant DNA for research or medical purposes.