Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps experienced before or during a woman’s period. It occurs when the uterus contracts to help shed its lining, releasing chemicals called prostaglandins that can cause pain and inflammation. There are two types: primary, with no underlying health issues and often starting in adolescence, and secondary, caused by reproductive system conditions like endometriosis or fibroids. Symptoms can include throbbing or cramping pain in the lower abdomen, back, or pelvis, which may be accompanied by nausea, headaches, or dizziness. Treatment options include pain relievers, lifestyle changes, and addressing underlying health conditions.