dynamic programming principles

Dynamic programming is a problem-solving approach that breaks complex problems into smaller, manageable parts, solves each part just once, and stores the solutions for future use. This way, it avoids repeating work, making the process more efficient. Think of it like assembling a puzzle: instead of figuring out each piece from scratch every time, you remember where similar pieces fit, saving time. Dynamic programming is especially useful for optimization problems, where finding the best solution efficiently is important, such as in route planning, resource allocation, or scheduling.