Duma (Russian Parliament)

The Duma is the lower house of Russia's national parliament, responsible for passing laws, approving the budget, and overseeing the government. Members are elected through a mixed electoral system and serve fixed terms. The Duma works alongside the upper house, the Federation Council, to shape national policy. It holds significant legislative authority, including the power to initiate legislation and scrutinize government actions. Its role is vital in Russia’s political system, serving as a key institution for representing the legislative process and democratic governance, though its independence and functioning are influenced by broader political dynamics.