Ducato di Parma e Piacenza

The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was a historical sovereign territory in northern Italy, primarily in the 18th and early 19th centuries. It was ruled by the Farnese and then the Bourbon-Parma family, serving as an important regional state within the context of European politics. The duchy combined the cities of Parma and Piacenza, and its governance reflected a mix of local nobility and influence from larger powers like France and Austria. Its borders and political status changed over time due to treaties and wars, ultimately becoming part of Italy in the 19th century.