Doctrine of Force Majeure

The Doctrine of Force Majeure refers to a legal principle that frees parties from liability or obligation when extraordinary events beyond their control—such as natural disasters, war, or pandemics—prevent them from fulfilling contractual duties. It acts as a safeguard, acknowledging that certain unforeseen events make performance impossible or impractical. Typically, contracts specify what qualifies as force majeure and the procedures to follow if such events occur. This doctrine aims to balance fairness and practicality, ensuring neither party unjustly bears the risk of unforeseeable, unavoidable disruptions.