DNA cross-linking

DNA cross-linking occurs when special chemicals or agents cause bonds to form between two strands of DNA, either within the same strand or between different strands. This connection hinders the DNA's normal functions, such as replication and repair, because it prevents the strands from separating properly. Cross-linking can happen naturally or as a result of exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, or chemotherapy treatments. Essentially, it acts like a molecular "bridge," locking the DNA in a distorted state, which can interfere with cell division and lead to cell damage or death if not properly repaired.