disturbance observers

A disturbance observer is a control tool used in engineering systems to detect and estimate unexpected external factors—like wind, load changes, or other disturbances—that can affect system performance. By accurately identifying these disturbances in real-time, the system can adjust its actions proactively, maintaining stability and desired operation. Essentially, it acts as a sensor that looks out for surprises, allowing the control system to compensate quickly and improve reliability and precision without needing direct measurement of every external influence.