Direct and Indirect Assessment Methods

Direct assessment methods involve observing or measuring actual student work or behavior to evaluate understanding, such as tests, projects, or performances. Indirect assessment methods gather feedback about student learning through surveys, interviews, or questionnaires, which reflect perceptions or opinions about their knowledge or skills. In essence, direct methods provide concrete evidence of what students know, while indirect methods offer insights into their self-assessed learning experiences. Both approaches complement each other to give a comprehensive view of educational effectiveness.