Dipole moment

A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electric charges within a molecule. When electrons are unevenly distributed, one part of the molecule becomes slightly more positive, and the other more negative. This creates an internal electric field, with the dipole moment quantifying both the strength of this separation and its direction—from the positive to the negative side. Think of it like a tiny magnet with a north and south pole, but for electric charge distribution, influencing how the molecule interacts with electromagnetic fields and other molecules.