DINA

DINA (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy “And”) is a statistical model used to assess individuals’ mastery of skills or knowledge areas. It assumes that to correctly answer a question, a person must have first mastered all the necessary skills. If they lack even one skill, their chance of success is low, but there’s still a small chance of guessing correctly. DINA helps identify which skills someone has or hasn't mastered, providing insights for targeted instruction or intervention. It balances the idea that mastery is essential for success, while acknowledging real-world variability in responses.