DiMaggio and Powell

DiMaggio and Powell are sociologists known for their theory on organizational change called "institutional isomorphism." They explain why organizations in similar fields tend to become alike over time. This occurs through three main mechanisms: coercive pressure from regulations and expectations, mimetic processes where organizations imitate successful peers, and normative influences from professional standards. These forces push organizations toward similar structures and practices, often more for conformity and legitimacy than efficiency. Their work helps explain why industries often develop standardized methods, even when those methods aren't necessarily optimal for every organization.