digital-to-analog converters (DACs)

A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) transforms digital data, like the ones in computers, into real-world signals that can drive devices such as speakers or displays. Digital data is made of binary signals (zeros and ones), which are not directly usable for practical tasks. The DAC converts this discrete digital information into a continuous analog signal, such as an audio waveform or a voltage level, allowing electronic devices to produce sound, images, or other outputs. Think of it as translating a coded message into a smooth, understandable form that physical equipment can interpret and use effectively.