dielectric polarization

Dielectric polarization occurs when an electric field is applied to an insulating material (dielectric), causing the charges within the material to shift slightly. This shift creates tiny electric dipoles, or separation of positive and negative charges, inside the material. These aligned dipoles reduce the overall electric field inside the dielectric, allowing it to store electrical energy. Think of it like tiny, aligned arrows within the material that respond to the electric field, helping the material behave like a capacitor, storing and releasing electrical energy efficiently.