Diamond's thesis

Diamond's thesis suggests that the success or failure of societies around the world largely depends on environmental factors and the availability of domesticable plants and animals. He argues that societies with access to productive crops and livestock developed complex institutions and technologies, enabling them to dominate others. Conversely, societies lacking these resources faced challenges that limited their development. His theory emphasizes that geography and environment, rather than innate differences among peoples, played a key role in shaping historical outcomes and societal development across different regions.