Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specific tests. A healthcare provider may perform a skin test called the Mantoux test or an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) to detect immune response to TB bacteria. Chest X-rays can reveal lung abnormalities suggestive of TB. If TB is suspected, laboratory tests on a sputum sample (mucus from the lungs) can confirm infection by identifying the bacteria under a microscope or through culture. Accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and helps prevent the spread of TB.