detergency theory

Detergency theory explains how cleaning agents, like soaps and detergents, remove dirt and grease from surfaces. It involves the formation of tiny structures called micelles, where the detergent molecules surround oily or greasy particles, trapping them in the center. The detergent’s molecules have a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail that binds to grease and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head that interacts with water. When mixed with water, these micelles lift and suspend dirt and grease, making them easy to rinse away, resulting in a cleaner surface. This process is fundamental to effective cleaning.