Depolarization

Depolarization is the process where nerve cells (neurons) lose their electrical charge difference across their cell membrane, reducing their ability to transmit signals. Normally, neurons are polarized, with a more negative charge inside compared to outside, which allows them to send electrical messages. When a neuron depolarizes, this charge difference decreases as positive ions enter the cell, making the inside less negative. This change triggers the neuron to send a signal. Afterward, the neuron restores its original charge (repolarizes) to be ready to transmit again. Depolarization is essential for nerve communication and proper functioning of the nervous system.