density fluctuations

Density fluctuations refer to small variations in the distribution of matter within a region of space. Imagine the universe as a fabric with slightly different thicknesses in different spots; some areas have a little more matter packed together, while others have less. These tiny differences, or fluctuations, originated from quantum effects in the early universe and grew over time. They’re essential because they served as the “seeds” for the formation of galaxies, stars, and other cosmic structures. In essence, density fluctuations are the initial irregularities that shaped the large-scale structure of the universe.