demographic theories

Demographic theories explore how populations grow or shrink over time by examining factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration. The most common are the Malthusian theory, which suggests population growth can outpace resources leading to collapse, and the Demographic Transition Theory, which describes how countries move from high birth/death rates to low rates as they develop economically, stabilizing populations. These theories help us understand patterns of population change, aging, and urbanization, informing policies on health, education, and resource management.